Hospitality Students’ Communicative English Competence Gaps against Indonesian National Occupational Standards (SKKNI): A Mixed-Methods Importance–Performance Analysis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37630/jpb.v16i4.5209Keywords:
Communicative Competence, English for Specific Purposes, Hospitality SKKNI, Importance–Performance Analysis, Needs AnalysisAbstract
Indonesian vocational hospitality programmes must produce graduates who communicate in English at the level required by the Indonesian National Occupational Competency Standards (SKKNI), yet English for Specific Purposes (ESP) courses are seldom designed from a gap analysis against them. This study mapped the importance and performance of SKKNI-derived communicative tasks in front office, food and beverage service, and housekeeping, and explored the causes of the gaps. An explanatory sequential mixed-methods design was used. Eight experts judged the content validity of 24 items using Aiken’s V; 40 students and 28 hotel practitioners then completed the questionnaire. Data were analyzed with Importance–Performance Analysis (IPA) and non-parametric tests, and interviews with 12 informants were analyzed thematically. Two items failed content validation. Across the remaining 22 items, students’ performance (M = 3.48) fell below importance (M = 4.20), with significant gaps on 16 tasks. The priority quadrant contained complaint handling, menu explanation, and allergy enquiries. Industry rated graduates’ performance lower than students rated themselves in all three departments, although both groups ranked the tasks almost identically (ρ = .88). Internship length was positively associated with performance. Interviews attributed the gaps to anxiety in unpredictable interactions, limited service vocabulary, and script-based practice.
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