The Effectiveness of the Geographical Inquiry Learning Model on the Cognitive Skills of Geography Education Students in the Context of Contemporary Environmental Issues
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37630/jpi.v15i3.3423Keywords:
Geographical Inquiry, Cognitif SkillsAbstract
Geographical inquiry is a pedagogical model that promotes active student engagement in the development of higher-order thinking skills. Through this approach, students are encouraged to participate in a series of activities including information gathering, investigation, data analysis, and the implementation of concrete actions, enabling them to formulate effective solutions to various environmental issues. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of implementing the geographical inquiry learning model on the cognitive skills of Geography Education students at FKIP USN Kolaka. The research method used a pre-experimental research design: a non-equivalent group design with posttest only. The research subjects were students of the Geography Education Study Program, FKIP USN Kolaka, in the 2024/2025 academic year, divided into two classes, namely the control class and experimental class. Data on students’ cognitive skills were obtained using cognitive domain test questions through a posttest. Data analysis techniques were performed using descriptive statistics and independet sample t-test. The analysis results show that the average score in the experimental class had higher learning outcomes, while the t-test analysis shows that the sig value (2-tailed) of 0.000 with a t-count of 6.43 is greater than t-tabel value of 2.042, the results of the test show that geographical inquiry learning has an influence on the cognitive skills of geography education students in the context of contemporary environmental issues and is significantly effective in improving the cognitif skills of students in the Geography Education Study Program at FKIP USN Kolaka.
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References
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Millrood, R., & Maksimova, I. (2018). Cognitive skills in education: typology and development. Yazyk i Kul’tura, 42, 137–151. https://doi.org/10.17223/19996195/42/8
Moon, J. (2007). Critical thinking: An exploration of theory and practice. Routledge.
Mumford, M. D., Todd, E. M., Higgs, C., & McIntosh, T. (2017). Cognitive skills and leadership performance: The nine critical skills. The Leadership Quarterly, 28(1), 24–39. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2016.10.012
Nisa, J. (2020). Literasi Geografi Model Pembelajaran IPS untuk Menumbuhkan Karakter Peduli Lingkungan.
Nuraida, D. (2019). Peran Guru dalam Mengembangkan Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Siswa dalam Proses Pembelajaran. Jurnal Teladan: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Dan Pembelajaran, 4(1), 51–60.
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Nurazizah, S., Sinaga, P., & Jauhari, A. (2017). Profil Kemampuan Kognitif dan Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Siswa SMA pada Materi Usaha dan Energi. JPPPF - Jurnal Penelitian & Pengembangan Pendidikan Fisika, 3(2), 197–202.
Oberle, A. (2020). Advancing Students’ Abilities through the Geo-Inquiry Process. Journal of Geography, 119(2), 43–54. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221341.2019.1698641
Patriana, W. R., Soegiyanto, H., & Karyanto, P. (2017). Pengembangan Subjek Spesifik Pedagogi Penguatan Kesiapan Berperilaku Ramah Lingkungan Pada Materi Geografi Lingkungan Hidup. Jurnal GeoEco, 3(2), 186–197.
Porter, L. (2020). Cognitive skills. In Educating Young Children with Additional Needs (pp. 174–190). Routledge.
Prasetyo, K., & Hariyanto. (2018). Pendidikan Lingkungan Indonesia: Dasar Pedagogi dan Metodologi. Remaja Rosdakarya.
Priyatno, D. (2013). Analisis Korelasi, Regresi, dan Multivariate dengan SPSS. Gava Media.
Purnomo, H., Soekamto, H., Kurnia, A., & Taryana, D. (2023). Efektivitas Model Geographical Inquiry Learning terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Analitis Ditinjau dari Minat Belajar Siswa. Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Profesi Guru, 6, 467–480.
Putra, U. S., & Masruri, M. S. (2019). the Effectiveness Comparison Between Inquiry and Problem Based Learning Towards Geography Learning Outcomes. Geosfera Indonesia, 4(2), 146. https://doi.org/10.19184/geosi.v4i2.10849
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Ryan, R. V. (2012). Beyond feelings: A guide to critical thinking (Ninth Edit). McGraw Hill.
Santi, N., Soendjoto, M. A., & Winarti, A. (2018). Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Mahasiswa Pendidikan Biologi melalui Penyelesaian Masalah Lingkungan. BIOEDUKASI: Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi, 11(1), 35–39.
Santika, I. G. N., Suastra, I. W., & Arnyana, I. B. P. (2022). Membentuk Karakter Peduli Lingkungan Pada Siswa Sekolah Dasar Melalui Pembelajaran IPA. Jurnal Education and Development Institut Pendidikan Tapanuli Selatan, 10(1), 207–212.
Saputro, B. D., Putra, A. K., & Rahayu, L. (2023). Geographical Inquiry with Geospatial Virtual Panoramic: Can Improve the Spatial Skills of Geography Students? Edueksos Jurnal Pendidikan Sosial & Ekonomi, 12(2), 153–166. https://doi.org/10.24235/edueksos.v12i2.14146
Sari, W. M., & Susiloningsih, D. E. (2015). Penerapan Model Assure Dengan Metode Problem Solving Untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis. Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Kimia, 9(1), 1468–1477.
Slavin, R. E. (2006). Educational Psychology: Theory and Practice Eight Edition. USA: Library of Congres Cataloging in Publication Data.
Sudipa, I. G. I., Sarasvananda, I. B. G., Prayitno, H., Putra, I. N. T. A., Darmawan, R., & WP, D. A. (2023). Teknik Visualisasi Data. PT. Sonpedia Publishing Indonesia.
Sugiarto, A., & Gabriella, D. A. (2020). Kesadaran Dan Perilaku Ramah Lingkungan Mahasiswa Di Kampus. Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Humaniora, 9(2), 260. https://doi.org/10.23887/jish-undiksha.v9i2.21061
Sumarmi. (2016). Sekolah Hijau Sebagai Alternatif Pendidikan Lingkungan Hidup dengan Menggunakan Pendekatan Kontekstual. Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Negeri Malang, 15(1), 19–25.
Sweller, J. (2016). Cognitive Load Theory, Evolutionary Educational Psychology, and Instructional Design BT - Evolutionary Perspectives on Child Development and Education (D. C. Geary & D. B. Berch (eds.); pp. 291–306). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29986-0_12
Turohmah, F. D. A., Putra, A. K., & Suharto, Y. (2021). Improving Critical Thinking Ability: Earthcomm Learning For Watershed Conservation Materials. IJIS Edu : Indonesian Journal of Integrated Science Education, 3(2), 99. https://doi.org/10.29300/ijisedu.v3i2.4336
Uno, H. B. (2017). Profesi Kependidikan: Problema, Solusi, dan Reformasi Pendidikan di Indonesia. Bumi Aksara.
Utami, J. P., Utaya, S., & Wagistina, S. (2021). Pengaruh model pembelajaran Geographical Inquiry pada mata pelajaran Geografi terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis dan memecahkan masalah siswa kelas X. Jurnal Integrasi Dan Harmoni Inovatif Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial (JIHI3S), 1(8), 943–958. https://doi.org/10.17977/um063v1i8p943-958
Volz, K. M., & Dorneich, M. C. (2020). Evaluation of Cognitive Skill Degradation in Flight Planning. Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making, 14(4), 263–287. https://doi.org/10.1177/1555343420962897
Wardhana, H. K., Sujarwo, & Safitri, D. (2025). EFFORTS TO GROW ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS IN HIGHER EDUCATION. JICN: Jurnal Intelek Dan Cendikiawan Nusantara, 2(3), 2974–2984.
Widoretno, S. (2024). Asking Question Sebagai Dasar Membangun Pengetahuan Jenis dan Fungsi Pertanyaan Selama Proses Pembelajaran. Proceeding Biology Education Conference, 21(1), 5–7.
Widyoko, E. P. (2018). Teknik Penyusunan Instrumen Penelitian (Ketujuh). Pustaka Pelajar.
Zuhriyah, A. (2025). Pendidikan Lingkungan Hidup. Selat Media Patners.
Akhsa, A. T. P. D., Kelvin, K., Eldo, H., & Efitra, E. (2024). Buku Ajar Big Data. PT. Sonpedia Publishing Indonesia.
Cassandra, L. (2017). Geo-inquiry process: educator guide. National Geographic.
Chin, C., & Osborne, J. (2008). Students’ questions: A potential resource for teaching and learning science. Studies in Science Education, 44(1), 1–39. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057260701828101
Cohen, L., Lawrence, M., & Morrison, K. (2018). Research Methods in Education. Eighth Edition. In Routledge. Routledge. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1467-8527.2007.00388_4.x
Coutinho, M. J., & Almeida, P. A. (2014). Promoting Student Questioning in the Learning of Natural Sciences. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 116, 3781–3785. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.841
Eva, R. (2015). Pengaruh Aplikasi Model Assure Terhadap Motivasi Dan Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik Dalam Pembelajaran Geografi. Gea: Jurnal Pendidikan Geograf, 15(2), 8–14.
Evans, Gary W, Otto, Siegmar, & Kaiser, Florian G. (2018). Childhood Origins of Young Adult Environmental Behavior. Psychological Science, 29(5), 679–687. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797617741894
Fitri, L. S., Rosyida, F., Putra, A. K., Wirahayu, Y. A., & Selviana, N. (2022). The Effect of Geographical Inquiry Learning Using SETS Approach to Complex Problem-Solving Abilities on Environmental Conservation Material. Pegem Egitim ve Ogretim Dergisi, 12(4), 61–69. https://doi.org/10.47750/pegegog.12.04.07
Hariyadi, E., Maryani, E., & Kastolani, W. (2021). Analisis literasi lingkungan pada mahasiswa pendidikan geografi. Gulawentah:Jurnal Studi Sosial, 6(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.25273/gulawentah.v6i1.6685
Harris, F. (2012). Global environmental issues. John Wiley & Sons.
Hasanah, N., Harudu, L., Amaluddin, L. O., & Hadini, L. O. (2023). Kesadaran Mahasiswa Pendidikan Geografi Pada Lingkungan. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Geografi, 8(3), 97–104.
Hasanah, U., & Shimizu, K. (2020). Crucial Cognitive Skills in Science Education: A Systematic Review. Jurnal Penelitian Dan Pembelajaran IPA, 6(1), 36. https://doi.org/10.30870/jppi.v6i1.7140
Howell, J. B., & Maddox, L. E. (2024). Geographic inquiry for citizenship: Identifying barriers to improving teachers’ practice. Journal of Social Studies Research, 48(1), 17–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssr.2022.04.001
Jayadinata, A. K., Muqodas, I., & Ardiyanti, D. (2024). Kesadaran lingkungan calon guru sebagai nilai karakter kepedulian lingkungan hidup. Jurnal Konseling Dan Pendidikan, 12(2), 12–23. https://doi.org/10.29210/1112000
Johnson, R. B., & Christensen, L. (2017). Educational research: Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed approaches — sixth edition. In SAGE Publications, Inc. SAGE Publications Inc.
Komyadi, & Derlina. (2015). Penerapan Media Simulasi PhET untuk Meningkatkan Aktivitas Siswa pada Fase Pengumpulan Data Percobaan dan mengolah serta Merumuskan suatu Penjelasan dalam Model Pembelajaran Inquiry Training di SMA Negeri 5 Takengon. Jurnal Pendidikan Fisika, 4(1), 1–9.
Kospa, H. S. D. (2021). Kajian Pendidikan Lingkungan Hidup Di Indonesia. Jurnal Tekno Global, 10(1), 22–26. https://doi.org/10.36982/jtg.v10i1.1722
Krathwohl, D. R. (2017). A Revision of Bloom ’ s Taxonomy : An Overview. Theory into Practice, 41(4), 212–218. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15430421tip4104
Kuisma, M. (2018). Narratives of inquiry learning in middle-school geographic inquiry class. International Research in Geographical and Environmental Education, 27(1), 85–98. https://doi.org/10.1080/10382046.2017.1285137
Lasaiba, M. A. (2023). Hubungan Geographical Inquiry dengan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis, Prestasi Belajar dan Self-Efficacy. SAP (Susunan Artikel Pendidikan), 8(2), 179. https://doi.org/10.30998/sap.v8i2.18273
Millrood, R., & Maksimova, I. (2018). Cognitive skills in education: typology and development. Yazyk i Kul’tura, 42, 137–151. https://doi.org/10.17223/19996195/42/8
Moon, J. (2007). Critical thinking: An exploration of theory and practice. Routledge.
Mumford, M. D., Todd, E. M., Higgs, C., & McIntosh, T. (2017). Cognitive skills and leadership performance: The nine critical skills. The Leadership Quarterly, 28(1), 24–39. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2016.10.012
Nisa, J. (2020). Literasi Geografi Model Pembelajaran IPS untuk Menumbuhkan Karakter Peduli Lingkungan.
Nuraida, D. (2019). Peran Guru dalam Mengembangkan Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Siswa dalam Proses Pembelajaran. Jurnal Teladan: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Dan Pembelajaran, 4(1), 51–60.
Nurani, M. P. G., Handoyo, B., Rashid, S., & Meilana, L. N. (2024). The Effect of Geographical Inquiry Based on Learning Style Differentiation on Students’ Critical Thinking Skills. Future Space: Studies in Geo-Education, 1(2), 129–144. https://doi.org/10.69877/fssge.v1i2.14
Nurazizah, S., Sinaga, P., & Jauhari, A. (2017). Profil Kemampuan Kognitif dan Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Siswa SMA pada Materi Usaha dan Energi. JPPPF - Jurnal Penelitian & Pengembangan Pendidikan Fisika, 3(2), 197–202.
Oberle, A. (2020). Advancing Students’ Abilities through the Geo-Inquiry Process. Journal of Geography, 119(2), 43–54. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221341.2019.1698641
Patriana, W. R., Soegiyanto, H., & Karyanto, P. (2017). Pengembangan Subjek Spesifik Pedagogi Penguatan Kesiapan Berperilaku Ramah Lingkungan Pada Materi Geografi Lingkungan Hidup. Jurnal GeoEco, 3(2), 186–197.
Porter, L. (2020). Cognitive skills. In Educating Young Children with Additional Needs (pp. 174–190). Routledge.
Prasetyo, K., & Hariyanto. (2018). Pendidikan Lingkungan Indonesia: Dasar Pedagogi dan Metodologi. Remaja Rosdakarya.
Priyatno, D. (2013). Analisis Korelasi, Regresi, dan Multivariate dengan SPSS. Gava Media.
Purnomo, H., Soekamto, H., Kurnia, A., & Taryana, D. (2023). Efektivitas Model Geographical Inquiry Learning terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Analitis Ditinjau dari Minat Belajar Siswa. Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Profesi Guru, 6, 467–480.
Putra, U. S., & Masruri, M. S. (2019). the Effectiveness Comparison Between Inquiry and Problem Based Learning Towards Geography Learning Outcomes. Geosfera Indonesia, 4(2), 146. https://doi.org/10.19184/geosi.v4i2.10849
Ramadani, P. W., Wahyuningtyas, L. P., Bachtiar, M. T., & Damariswara, R. (2023). Analisis Keterampilan Bertanya Mahasiswa Saat Presentasi Dalam Kelas. AKSARA: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Nonformal, 9(3), 1569–1576.
Rimayanti, I. N., Rosyida, F., Wagistina, S., & Handoyo, B. (2023). Pengaruh geographical inquiry terhadap kemampuan berpikir analitis siswa dalam mata pelajaran geografi kelas XI di MA AL UMM. Jurnal Integrasi Dan Harmoni Inovatif Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial, 3(11), 1279–1287. https://doi.org/10.17977/um063v3i11p1279-1287
Ryan, R. V. (2012). Beyond feelings: A guide to critical thinking (Ninth Edit). McGraw Hill.
Santi, N., Soendjoto, M. A., & Winarti, A. (2018). Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Mahasiswa Pendidikan Biologi melalui Penyelesaian Masalah Lingkungan. BIOEDUKASI: Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi, 11(1), 35–39.
Santika, I. G. N., Suastra, I. W., & Arnyana, I. B. P. (2022). Membentuk Karakter Peduli Lingkungan Pada Siswa Sekolah Dasar Melalui Pembelajaran IPA. Jurnal Education and Development Institut Pendidikan Tapanuli Selatan, 10(1), 207–212.
Saputro, B. D., Putra, A. K., & Rahayu, L. (2023). Geographical Inquiry with Geospatial Virtual Panoramic: Can Improve the Spatial Skills of Geography Students? Edueksos Jurnal Pendidikan Sosial & Ekonomi, 12(2), 153–166. https://doi.org/10.24235/edueksos.v12i2.14146
Sari, W. M., & Susiloningsih, D. E. (2015). Penerapan Model Assure Dengan Metode Problem Solving Untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis. Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Kimia, 9(1), 1468–1477.
Slavin, R. E. (2006). Educational Psychology: Theory and Practice Eight Edition. USA: Library of Congres Cataloging in Publication Data.
Sudipa, I. G. I., Sarasvananda, I. B. G., Prayitno, H., Putra, I. N. T. A., Darmawan, R., & WP, D. A. (2023). Teknik Visualisasi Data. PT. Sonpedia Publishing Indonesia.
Sugiarto, A., & Gabriella, D. A. (2020). Kesadaran Dan Perilaku Ramah Lingkungan Mahasiswa Di Kampus. Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Humaniora, 9(2), 260. https://doi.org/10.23887/jish-undiksha.v9i2.21061
Sumarmi. (2016). Sekolah Hijau Sebagai Alternatif Pendidikan Lingkungan Hidup dengan Menggunakan Pendekatan Kontekstual. Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Negeri Malang, 15(1), 19–25.
Sweller, J. (2016). Cognitive Load Theory, Evolutionary Educational Psychology, and Instructional Design BT - Evolutionary Perspectives on Child Development and Education (D. C. Geary & D. B. Berch (eds.); pp. 291–306). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29986-0_12
Turohmah, F. D. A., Putra, A. K., & Suharto, Y. (2021). Improving Critical Thinking Ability: Earthcomm Learning For Watershed Conservation Materials. IJIS Edu : Indonesian Journal of Integrated Science Education, 3(2), 99. https://doi.org/10.29300/ijisedu.v3i2.4336
Uno, H. B. (2017). Profesi Kependidikan: Problema, Solusi, dan Reformasi Pendidikan di Indonesia. Bumi Aksara.
Utami, J. P., Utaya, S., & Wagistina, S. (2021). Pengaruh model pembelajaran Geographical Inquiry pada mata pelajaran Geografi terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis dan memecahkan masalah siswa kelas X. Jurnal Integrasi Dan Harmoni Inovatif Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial (JIHI3S), 1(8), 943–958. https://doi.org/10.17977/um063v1i8p943-958
Volz, K. M., & Dorneich, M. C. (2020). Evaluation of Cognitive Skill Degradation in Flight Planning. Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making, 14(4), 263–287. https://doi.org/10.1177/1555343420962897
Wardhana, H. K., Sujarwo, & Safitri, D. (2025). EFFORTS TO GROW ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS IN HIGHER EDUCATION. JICN: Jurnal Intelek Dan Cendikiawan Nusantara, 2(3), 2974–2984.
Widoretno, S. (2024). Asking Question Sebagai Dasar Membangun Pengetahuan Jenis dan Fungsi Pertanyaan Selama Proses Pembelajaran. Proceeding Biology Education Conference, 21(1), 5–7.
Widyoko, E. P. (2018). Teknik Penyusunan Instrumen Penelitian (Ketujuh). Pustaka Pelajar.
Zuhriyah, A. (2025). Pendidikan Lingkungan Hidup. Selat Media Patners.
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