Pendekatan STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics) pada Pembelajaran IPA Untuk Melatih Keterampilan Abad 21
Abstract
Keterampilan abad 21 merupakan salah satu tuntutan kurikulum dan seringkali dilatihkan kepada peserta didik, baik di tingkat sekolah maupun perguruan tinggi untuk mempersiapkan peserta didik yang mampu bersaing di dunia kerja. Penerapan pendekatan STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics) pada proses pembelajaran dapat merangsang peserta didik untuk berpartisipasi aktif dan mampu mengintegrasikan berbagai disiplin ilmu dalam menyelesaikan berbagai permasalahan menantang yang dihadapinya. Tujuan dari penulisan artikel ini adalah untuk menyajikan informasi dan hasil analisis artikel penelitian tentang pendekatan STEM pada pembelajaran IPA dan hubungannya dengan keterampilan abad 21. Metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan artikel ini adalah kajian literatur (literature review). Hasil kajian dari beberapa literatur dan artikel penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan STEM pada pembelajaran IPA seringkali dikombinasikan dengan berbagai model pembelajaran agar terdapat langkah-langkah yang sistematis. Hasil-hasil penelitian juga mengungkap bahwa pendekatan STEM yang diterapkan di kelas memiliki dampak yang positif terhadap keterampilan abad 21 peserta didik. Temuan dalam penelitian ini berimplikasi pada alternatif penerapan pendekatan STEM pada kurikulum di Indonesia dalam rangka meningkatkan keterampilan abad 21 peserta didik melalui model-model pembelajaran yang merangsang keterampilan berpikir tingkat tinggi peserta didik, khususnya dalam mata pelajaran IPA.
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Keywords:
Pendekatan SSTEM, Keterampilan abad 21, Berpikir tingkat tinggi (HOTS)
References
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Asghar, A., Ellington, R., Rice, E., Johnson, F., & Prime, G. M. (2012). Supporting STEM education in secondary science contexts. Interdisciplinary Journal of Problem-Based Learning, 6(2), 4. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.7771/1541-5015.1349
Bybee, R. W. (2013). The case for STEM education: Challenges and opportunities.
Capraro, R. M., & Slaugh, S. W. (2013). Why PBL? Why STEM? Why Now? An Introduction to STEM Project-based Learning: An Integrated Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Approach. In R. M. Capraro, M. M. Capraro, & J. R. Morgan (Eds.), STEM Project-Based Learning (Second Edi). Sense Publisher.
Carter, V. R. (2013). Defining characteristics of an integrated stem curriculum in k--12 education. University of Arkansas.
Chomphuphra, P., Chaipidech, P., & Yuenyong, C. (2019). Trends and Research Issues of STEM Education: A Review of Academic Publications from 2007 to 2017. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1340(1), 12069. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1340/1/012069
Craig, C. A., Petrun Sayers, E. L., Gilbertz, S., Karam, R., & Feng, S. (2022). The role of STEM-based sustainability in business and management curricula: Exploring cognitive and affective outcomes in university students. Journal of Management Education, 46(4), 656–684. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10525629211056316
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Ejiwale, J. A. (2013). Barriers to successful implementation of STEM education. Journal of Education and Learning, 7(2), 63–74. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11591/edulearn.v7i2.220
El Sayary, A. M. A., Forawi, S. A., & Mansour, N. (2015). STEM education and problem-based learning. The Routledge International Handbook of Research on Teaching Thinking, 357–369.
English, L. D. (2016). STEM education K-12: Perspectives on integration. International Journal of STEM Education, 3(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/s40594-016-0036-1
Fadhilah, N., Nurdiyanti, N., Anisa, A., & Wajdi, M. (2022). Integrasi STEM-Problem Based Learning melalui Daring Terhadap Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Mahasiswa Pendidikan Biologi. Jurnal IPA \& Pembelajaran IPA, 6(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24815/jipi.v6i1.22721
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Ismayani, A. (2016). Pengaruh penerapan STEM project-based learning terhadap kreativitas matematis siswa SMK. Indonesian Digital Journal of Mathematics and Education, 3(4), 264–272.
Joynes, C., Rossignoli, S., & Amonoo-Kuofi, E. F. (2019). 21st Century Skills: Evidence of issues in definition, demand and delivery for development contexts (K4D Helpdesk Report). Institute of Development Studies.
Kelley, T. R., & Knowles, J. G. (2016). A conceptual framework for integrated STEM education. International Journal of STEM Education, 3(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/s40594-016-0046-z
Khalil, N., & Osman, K. (2017). STEM-21CS module: Fostering 21st century skills through integrated STEM. K-12 STEM Education, 3(3), 225–233.
Kids, B. for. (2019). Framework for 21st Century Learning.
Larson, L. C., & Miller, T. N. (2011). 21st Century Skills: Prepare Students for the Future. Kappa Delta Pi Record, 47(3), 121–123. https://doi.org/10.1080/00228958.2011.10516575
Lee, Y., Capraro, R. M., & Bicer, A. (2019). Affective mathematics engagement: A comparison of STEM PBL versus non-STEM PBL instruction. Canadian Journal of Science, Mathematics and Technology Education, 19(3), 270–289. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s42330-019-00050-0
Lukitawanti, S. D., Parno, P., & Kusairi, S. (2020). Pengaruh PJBL-STEM disertai asesmen formatif terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah pada materi elastisitas dan hukum hooke. Jurnal Riset Pendidikan Fisika, 5(2), 83–91. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um058v5i2p83-91
Mart’in-Páez, T., Aguilera, D., Perales-Palacios, F. J., & V’ilchez-González, J. M. (2019). What are we talking about when we talk about STEM education? A review of literature. Science Education, 103(4), 799–822. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/sce.21522
Mart’inez-Borreguero, G., Mateos-Núñez, M., & Naranjo-Correa, F. L. (2019). Implementation and Didactic Validation of STEM Experiences in Primary Education: Analysis of the Cognitive and Affective Dimension. In Theorizing STEM Education in the 21st Century. IntechOpen.
Mawarni, R., & Sani, R. A. (2020). Pengaruh Model Project Based Learning Berbasis Stem Terhadap Kemampuan Berfikir Kreatif Siswa Padamateri Pokok Fluida Statis Di Kelas XI SMA Negeri 4 Tebing Tinggi TP 2019/2020. INPAFI (Inovasi Pembelajaran Fisika), 8(2). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24114/inpafi.v8i2.18678
Morgan, J. R., Moon, A. M., & Barroso, L. R. (2013). Engineering Better Project. In Robert M. Capraro, M. M. Capraro, & J. R. Morgan (Eds.), STEM Project-Based Learning: an Integrated Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Approach (Second Edi). Sense Publisher.
Muttaqiin, A., Putri, R. E., Sari, M. P., Lufri, L., & Rahim, F. R. (2020). Supporting STEM and critical thinking on energy transformation topic: pre-study of digital reality book. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1481(1), 12118. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1481/1/012118
Nurazmi, N., & Bancong, H. (2021). Integrated stem-problem based learning model: its effect on students’ critical thinking. Kasuari: Physics Education Journal (KPEJ), 4(2), 70–77. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.37891/kpej.v4i2.219
Octaviyani, I., Kusumah, Y. S., & Hasanah, A. (2020). Peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kreatif matematis siswa melalui model project-based learning dengan pendekatan STEM. Journal on Mathematics Education Research, 1(1), 10–14.
Pradani, Y. F., Saepuddin, A., & others. (2021). Efektivitas model PjBL STEM dalam meningkatkan keterampilan menggambar teknik mahasiswa. Jurnal Taman Vokasi, 9(2), 101–109. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.30738/jtvok.v9i2.11325
Ramdhani, A., Ramdhani, M. A., & Syakur Amin, A. (2014). Writing a Literature Review Research Paper: A step-by-step Approach. International Journal of Basics and Applied Sciences, 03(01), 47–56.
Roberts, A., & Cantu, D. (2012). Applying STEM instructional strategies to design and technology curriculum. PATT 26 Conference; Technology Education in the 21st Century; Stockholm; Sweden; 26-30 June; 2012, 073, 111–118.
Rotherham, A. J., & Willingham, D. T. (2010). "21st-century” skills: Not New, but a Worthy Challenge. American Educator, 17(1), 17–20. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ889143.pdf
Sandrone, S., Scott, G., Anderson, W. J., & Musunuru, K. (2021). Active learning-based STEM education for in-person and online learning. Cell, 184(6), 1409–1414. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2021.01.045
Santoso, A. M., & Arif, S. (2021). Efektivitas Model Inquiry dengan Pendekatan STEM Education terhadap Kemampuan Berfikir Kritis Peserta Didik. Jurnal Tadris IPA Indonesia, 1(2), 73–86. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21154/jtii.v1i2.123
Slough, S. W., & Milam, J. O. (2013). Theoritical Framework for The Design of Project-Based Learning. In R. M. Capraro, Mary Margaret Capraro, & James R. Morgan (Eds.), STEM Project-Based Learning: an Integrated Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Approach (Second Edi). Sense Publisher.
Stauffer, B. (2021). What are the 4C’s of the 21st Century Skills? https://www.aeseducation.com/blog/four-cs-21st-century-skills
Sukmawijaya, Y., Suhendar, S., & Juhanda, A. (2019). Pengaruh model pembelajaran STEM-PjBL terhadap kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa pada materi pencemaran lingkungan. Jurnal BIOEDUIN: Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi, 9(2), 28–43. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15575/bioeduin.v9i2.5893
Suryawati, E., & Osman, K. (2017). Contextual learning: Innovative approach towards the development of students’ scientific attitude and natural science performance. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 14(1), 61–76. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.12973/ejmste/79329
Trilling, B., & Fadel, C. (2009). 21st Century Skills: Learning for Life in Our Times (First Edit). Jossey-Bass A Wiley Imprint.
Voogt, J., & Roblin, N. P. (2010). 21st century skills. In Discussienota. Zoetermeer: The Netherlands: Kennisnet (Vol. 23, Issue 03).
Wastiti, L., & Sulur, S. (2020). Pengaruh STEM-thinking maps pada model pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa kelas XI pada materi suhu dan kalor. J. Literasi Pendidik. Fis, 4(2), 110–115. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um058v4i2p110-115
Widana, I. W., & Septiari, K. L. (2021). Kemampuan berpikir kreatif dan hasil belajar matematika siswa menggunakan model pembelajaran Project-Based Learning berbasis pendekatan STEM. Jurnal Elemen, 7(1), 209–220. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.29408/jel.v7i1.3031
Widya, W., Rifandi, R., & Rahmi, Y. L. (2019). STEM education to fulfil the 21st century demand: a literature review. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1317(1), 12208. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1317/1/012208
Ananda, Y. Y. T., & Dasna, I. W. (2019). Pembelajaran learning cycle 5E dengan pendekatan STEM terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa pada materi laju reaksi. Prosiding: Seminar Nasional Kimia Dan Pembelajarannya (SNKP), 3, 418–425.
Asghar, A., Ellington, R., Rice, E., Johnson, F., & Prime, G. M. (2012). Supporting STEM education in secondary science contexts. Interdisciplinary Journal of Problem-Based Learning, 6(2), 4. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.7771/1541-5015.1349
Bybee, R. W. (2013). The case for STEM education: Challenges and opportunities.
Capraro, R. M., & Slaugh, S. W. (2013). Why PBL? Why STEM? Why Now? An Introduction to STEM Project-based Learning: An Integrated Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Approach. In R. M. Capraro, M. M. Capraro, & J. R. Morgan (Eds.), STEM Project-Based Learning (Second Edi). Sense Publisher.
Carter, V. R. (2013). Defining characteristics of an integrated stem curriculum in k--12 education. University of Arkansas.
Chomphuphra, P., Chaipidech, P., & Yuenyong, C. (2019). Trends and Research Issues of STEM Education: A Review of Academic Publications from 2007 to 2017. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1340(1), 12069. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1340/1/012069
Craig, C. A., Petrun Sayers, E. L., Gilbertz, S., Karam, R., & Feng, S. (2022). The role of STEM-based sustainability in business and management curricula: Exploring cognitive and affective outcomes in university students. Journal of Management Education, 46(4), 656–684. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10525629211056316
Dywan, A. A., & Airlanda, G. S. (2020). Efektivitas model pembelajaran project based learning berbasis stem dan tidak berbasis STEM terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa. Jurnal Basicedu, 4(2), 344–354. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31004/basicedu.v4i2.353
Ejiwale, J. A. (2013). Barriers to successful implementation of STEM education. Journal of Education and Learning, 7(2), 63–74. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11591/edulearn.v7i2.220
El Sayary, A. M. A., Forawi, S. A., & Mansour, N. (2015). STEM education and problem-based learning. The Routledge International Handbook of Research on Teaching Thinking, 357–369.
English, L. D. (2016). STEM education K-12: Perspectives on integration. International Journal of STEM Education, 3(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/s40594-016-0036-1
Fadhilah, N., Nurdiyanti, N., Anisa, A., & Wajdi, M. (2022). Integrasi STEM-Problem Based Learning melalui Daring Terhadap Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Mahasiswa Pendidikan Biologi. Jurnal IPA \& Pembelajaran IPA, 6(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24815/jipi.v6i1.22721
Falloon, G., Hatzigianni, M., Bower, M., Forbes, A., & Stevenson, M. (2020). Understanding K-12 STEM education: A framework for developing STEM literacy. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 29(3), 369–385. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10956-020-09823-x
Forneris, S. G., & Peden-McAlpine, C. J. (2006). Contextual learning: A reflective learning intervention for nursing education. International Journal of Nursing Education Scholarship, 3(1). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2202/1548-923X.1254
Ismayani, A. (2016). Pengaruh penerapan STEM project-based learning terhadap kreativitas matematis siswa SMK. Indonesian Digital Journal of Mathematics and Education, 3(4), 264–272.
Joynes, C., Rossignoli, S., & Amonoo-Kuofi, E. F. (2019). 21st Century Skills: Evidence of issues in definition, demand and delivery for development contexts (K4D Helpdesk Report). Institute of Development Studies.
Kelley, T. R., & Knowles, J. G. (2016). A conceptual framework for integrated STEM education. International Journal of STEM Education, 3(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/s40594-016-0046-z
Khalil, N., & Osman, K. (2017). STEM-21CS module: Fostering 21st century skills through integrated STEM. K-12 STEM Education, 3(3), 225–233.
Kids, B. for. (2019). Framework for 21st Century Learning.
Larson, L. C., & Miller, T. N. (2011). 21st Century Skills: Prepare Students for the Future. Kappa Delta Pi Record, 47(3), 121–123. https://doi.org/10.1080/00228958.2011.10516575
Lee, Y., Capraro, R. M., & Bicer, A. (2019). Affective mathematics engagement: A comparison of STEM PBL versus non-STEM PBL instruction. Canadian Journal of Science, Mathematics and Technology Education, 19(3), 270–289. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s42330-019-00050-0
Lukitawanti, S. D., Parno, P., & Kusairi, S. (2020). Pengaruh PJBL-STEM disertai asesmen formatif terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah pada materi elastisitas dan hukum hooke. Jurnal Riset Pendidikan Fisika, 5(2), 83–91. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um058v5i2p83-91
Mart’in-Páez, T., Aguilera, D., Perales-Palacios, F. J., & V’ilchez-González, J. M. (2019). What are we talking about when we talk about STEM education? A review of literature. Science Education, 103(4), 799–822. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/sce.21522
Mart’inez-Borreguero, G., Mateos-Núñez, M., & Naranjo-Correa, F. L. (2019). Implementation and Didactic Validation of STEM Experiences in Primary Education: Analysis of the Cognitive and Affective Dimension. In Theorizing STEM Education in the 21st Century. IntechOpen.
Mawarni, R., & Sani, R. A. (2020). Pengaruh Model Project Based Learning Berbasis Stem Terhadap Kemampuan Berfikir Kreatif Siswa Padamateri Pokok Fluida Statis Di Kelas XI SMA Negeri 4 Tebing Tinggi TP 2019/2020. INPAFI (Inovasi Pembelajaran Fisika), 8(2). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24114/inpafi.v8i2.18678
Morgan, J. R., Moon, A. M., & Barroso, L. R. (2013). Engineering Better Project. In Robert M. Capraro, M. M. Capraro, & J. R. Morgan (Eds.), STEM Project-Based Learning: an Integrated Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Approach (Second Edi). Sense Publisher.
Muttaqiin, A., Putri, R. E., Sari, M. P., Lufri, L., & Rahim, F. R. (2020). Supporting STEM and critical thinking on energy transformation topic: pre-study of digital reality book. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1481(1), 12118. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1481/1/012118
Nurazmi, N., & Bancong, H. (2021). Integrated stem-problem based learning model: its effect on students’ critical thinking. Kasuari: Physics Education Journal (KPEJ), 4(2), 70–77. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.37891/kpej.v4i2.219
Octaviyani, I., Kusumah, Y. S., & Hasanah, A. (2020). Peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kreatif matematis siswa melalui model project-based learning dengan pendekatan STEM. Journal on Mathematics Education Research, 1(1), 10–14.
Pradani, Y. F., Saepuddin, A., & others. (2021). Efektivitas model PjBL STEM dalam meningkatkan keterampilan menggambar teknik mahasiswa. Jurnal Taman Vokasi, 9(2), 101–109. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.30738/jtvok.v9i2.11325
Ramdhani, A., Ramdhani, M. A., & Syakur Amin, A. (2014). Writing a Literature Review Research Paper: A step-by-step Approach. International Journal of Basics and Applied Sciences, 03(01), 47–56.
Roberts, A., & Cantu, D. (2012). Applying STEM instructional strategies to design and technology curriculum. PATT 26 Conference; Technology Education in the 21st Century; Stockholm; Sweden; 26-30 June; 2012, 073, 111–118.
Rotherham, A. J., & Willingham, D. T. (2010). "21st-century” skills: Not New, but a Worthy Challenge. American Educator, 17(1), 17–20. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ889143.pdf
Sandrone, S., Scott, G., Anderson, W. J., & Musunuru, K. (2021). Active learning-based STEM education for in-person and online learning. Cell, 184(6), 1409–1414. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2021.01.045
Santoso, A. M., & Arif, S. (2021). Efektivitas Model Inquiry dengan Pendekatan STEM Education terhadap Kemampuan Berfikir Kritis Peserta Didik. Jurnal Tadris IPA Indonesia, 1(2), 73–86. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21154/jtii.v1i2.123
Slough, S. W., & Milam, J. O. (2013). Theoritical Framework for The Design of Project-Based Learning. In R. M. Capraro, Mary Margaret Capraro, & James R. Morgan (Eds.), STEM Project-Based Learning: an Integrated Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Approach (Second Edi). Sense Publisher.
Stauffer, B. (2021). What are the 4C’s of the 21st Century Skills? https://www.aeseducation.com/blog/four-cs-21st-century-skills
Sukmawijaya, Y., Suhendar, S., & Juhanda, A. (2019). Pengaruh model pembelajaran STEM-PjBL terhadap kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa pada materi pencemaran lingkungan. Jurnal BIOEDUIN: Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi, 9(2), 28–43. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15575/bioeduin.v9i2.5893
Suryawati, E., & Osman, K. (2017). Contextual learning: Innovative approach towards the development of students’ scientific attitude and natural science performance. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 14(1), 61–76. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.12973/ejmste/79329
Trilling, B., & Fadel, C. (2009). 21st Century Skills: Learning for Life in Our Times (First Edit). Jossey-Bass A Wiley Imprint.
Voogt, J., & Roblin, N. P. (2010). 21st century skills. In Discussienota. Zoetermeer: The Netherlands: Kennisnet (Vol. 23, Issue 03).
Wastiti, L., & Sulur, S. (2020). Pengaruh STEM-thinking maps pada model pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa kelas XI pada materi suhu dan kalor. J. Literasi Pendidik. Fis, 4(2), 110–115. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um058v4i2p110-115
Widana, I. W., & Septiari, K. L. (2021). Kemampuan berpikir kreatif dan hasil belajar matematika siswa menggunakan model pembelajaran Project-Based Learning berbasis pendekatan STEM. Jurnal Elemen, 7(1), 209–220. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.29408/jel.v7i1.3031
Widya, W., Rifandi, R., & Rahmi, Y. L. (2019). STEM education to fulfil the 21st century demand: a literature review. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1317(1), 12208. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1317/1/012208
Published
2023-03-01
How to Cite
Muttaqiin, A. (2023). Pendekatan STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics) pada Pembelajaran IPA Untuk Melatih Keterampilan Abad 21. JURNAL PENDIDIKAN MIPA, 13(1), 34-45. https://doi.org/10.37630/jpm.v13i1.819
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