Perkembangan Filsafat Ilmu dalam Ilmu Keolahragaan: Systematic Literature Review terhadap Transformasi Paradigma Klasik, Modern, dan Kontemporer

Authors

  • Harwin Arianto Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta
  • Satya Perdana Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37630/jpo.v16i3.4422

Keywords:

Filsafat Ilmu, Ilmu Olahraga, Etika Olahraga, Teknologi Olahraga

Abstract

Perkembangan ilmu keolahragaan tidak dapat dipisahkan dari evolusi filsafat ilmu yang membentuk landasan ontologis, epistemologis, dan aksiologis dalam pengembangan pengetahuan olahraga. Transformasi paradigma dari era klasik menuju era modern dan kontemporer telah memengaruhi cara olahraga dipahami, diteliti, dan diterapkan dalam berbagai konteks. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis perkembangan filsafat ilmu dalam ilmu keolahragaan serta implikasinya terhadap regulasi olahraga, perkembangan teknologi, dan dimensi etika olahraga modern. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode Systematic Literature Review (SLR) yang mengacu pada pedoman Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Data diperoleh dari basis data Scopus, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Taylor & Francis, Wiley Online Library, dan Google Scholar dengan rentang publikasi 2019–2026. Dari total 132 artikel yang teridentifikasi, sebanyak 38 artikel dieliminasi karena duplikasi, 49 artikel dikeluarkan karena tidak relevan, dan 13 artikel dieliminasi karena tidak memenuhi kriteria kelayakan, sehingga diperoleh 32 artikel yang dianalisis. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan analisis tematik melalui lima kategori utama, yaitu perkembangan periode filsafat ilmu, kontribusi terhadap ilmu keolahragaan, implikasi teknologi olahraga, implikasi etika olahraga, dan implikasi terhadap regulasi olahraga modern. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa era klasik berkontribusi pada pembentukan karakter, harmoni tubuh dan jiwa, serta fondasi pendidikan jasmani (25%). Era modern memberikan kontribusi terbesar (45%) melalui lahirnya sport science berbasis pendekatan empiris, fisiologi olahraga, biomekanika, dan pengukuran objektif. Sementara itu, era kontemporer (30%) ditandai oleh integrasi teknologi digital, artificial intelligence, analitik olahraga, kesehatan mental atlet, etika olahraga, dan regulasi global. Temuan juga menunjukkan bahwa perkembangan filsafat ilmu telah mendorong transformasi ilmu keolahragaan menuju pendekatan multidisipliner yang tidak hanya berorientasi pada performa atlet, tetapi juga pada kesejahteraan, keadilan, integritas, dan keberlanjutan olahraga. Penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa integrasi refleksi filosofis dengan pengembangan sport science menjadi faktor penting dalam membangun ilmu keolahragaan yang lebih humanis, etis, dan adaptif terhadap tantangan masa depan.

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Published

2026-06-23