Integrasi Artificial Intelligence dalam Problem Based Learning : Tinjauan Literatur terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa

Sovia Annisa; Rahmi Kurniati; Rahmadhani Fitri

doi:10.37630/jpm.v16i4.4525

Authors

Sovia Annisa Universitas Negeri Padang
Rahmi Kurniati Universitas Negeri Padang
Rahmadhani Fitri Universitas Negeri Padang

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37630/jpm.v16i4.4525

Keywords:

Artificial Intelligence, Berpikir Kritis, Problem-Based Learning

Abstract

Perkembangan Artificial Intelligence (AI) dalam pendidikan memberi peluang bagi peningkatan kualitas pembelajaran. Namun, kajian sintesis yang membahas integrasi AI dalam Problem Based Learning (PBL) dan keterkaitannya dengan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa masih belum banyak dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis berbagai temuan penelitian mengenai integrasi AI dalam PBL serta implikasinya terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa. Metode yang digunakan adalah Systematic Literature Review (SLR) dengan menelaah artikel dari Google Scholar dan Sinta. Sebanyak 20 artikel yang sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi dianalisis menggunakan content analysis. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada penyusunan sintesis komprehensif yang menghubungkan AI, PBL, dan kemampuan berpikir kritis dalam satu kajian. Hasil sintesis menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar penelitian melaporkan adanya potensi positif integrasi AI dalam PBL terhadap pengembangan kemampuan berpikir kritis, terutama melalui peningkatan kemampuan analisis, evaluasi, pemecahan masalah, pengambilan keputusan, dan refleksi. AI berfungsi sebagai pendukung pembelajaran melalui umpan balik adaptif, akses informasi yang luas, dan pembelajaran yang dipersonalisasi, sementara PBL mendorong keterlibatan aktif siswa dalam menyelesaikan permasalahan autentik. Efektivitas penerapannya dipengaruhi oleh desain pembelajaran, literasi digital siswa, serta peran guru dalam memfasilitasi penggunaan AI secara tepat.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Aini, A. N., & Putranta, H. (2025). The effect of using artificial intelligence (AI) on students' critical thinking skills in magnetic electricity courses. JPPIPA (Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA), 10(2), 94–104. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v10i2.6481

Aisy, M. R., Trisnowati, E., & Siswanto, S. (2024). The Effect of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) Model in the Context of Socio-Scientific Issues (SSI) on Critical Thinking Ability on Digestive System Material. Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan IPA, 10(2), 185–195. https://doi.org/10.21831/jipi.v10i2.75231

Arifin, M. Z., Zulkarnain, I., & Ansori, H. (2025). The influence of artificial intelligence on critical thinking ability in mathematics: A systematic literature review. Indonesian Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 8(1), 82. https://doi.org/10.24042/ijsme.v8i1.24352

Chen, L., Chen, P., & Lin, Z. (2020). Artificial Intelligence in Education: A Review. IEEE Access, 8, 75264–75278. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2988510

Fatih, M. (2025). Interaction Problem Based Learning of AI Assisted on Digital Literacy and Critical Thinking Abilities. Journal of Development Research, 9(1), 164–173. https://doi.org/10.28926/jdr.v9i1.452

Habibah, L. B., Ibrohim, I., & Susilo, H. (2025). The effect of AI-assisted problem-oriented project-based learning on students’ critical thinking and communication skills. JPBI (Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi Indonesia), 11(2), 656–668. https://doi.org/10.22219/jpbi.v11i2.40667

Hading, E. F., Rezki, D., Putra Rustan, H., & Ruing, F. H. (2024). GLENS: Global English Insights Journal EFL Students’ Perceptions on the Integration of AI in Fostering Critical Thinking Skills. In Global English Insights Journal (Vol. 2, Number 1).

Kong, S. C., Cheung, M. Y. W., & Tsang, O. (2024). Developing an artificial intelligence literacy framework: Evaluation of a literacy course for senior secondary students using a project-based learning approach. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2024.100214

Krippendorff, K. (2019). Content Analysis: An Introduction to Its Methodology (Fourth Edition). SAGE Publications, Inc. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4135/9781071878781

Lee, H. Y., Chen, P. H., Wang, W. S., Huang, Y. M., & Wu, T. T. (2024). Empowering ChatGPT with guidance mechanism in blended learning: effect of self-regulated learning, higher-order thinking skills, and knowledge construction. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-024-00447-4

Mandayani, N., & Haifaturrahmah. (2025). Peran Artificial Intelligence (AI) terhadap Peningkatan Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Sekolah Dasar. JURNAL BASICEDU, 9, 1642–1651. https://doi.org/10.31004/basicedu.v9i5.10777

Mukmin, Subakti, H., Sulaiman, Zainuri, H., Saputro, A. N. C., Sihaloho, M., Awal, R., Labuem, S., Yusuf, B., Kholifah, N., Nurtanto, M., Pikoli, M., Rosadi, T., & Iwan. (2024). Inovasi Pembelajaran di Abad 21 (Janner Simarmata, Ed.). Yayasan Kita Menulis.

Omeh, C. B., Ayanwale, M. A., Mnguni, L. E., & Olelewe, C. J. (2025). Fostering programming skill and critical thinking through AI-assisted PBL integration. Journal of New Approaches in Educational Research, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s44322-025-00041-0

Papaneophytou, C., & Nicolaou, S. A. (2025). Promoting Critical Thinking in Biological Sciences in the Era of Artificial Intelligence: The Role of Higher Education. In Trends in Higher Education (Vol. 4, Number 2). Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI). https://doi.org/10.3390/higheredu4020024

Patrick, P. M., Yip, S. Y., & Campbell, C. (2025). Artificial Intelligence and Higher- Order Thinking: A Systematic Review of Educator and Student Experiences and Perspectives in Higher Education. In Higher Education Quarterly (Vol. 79, Number 4). John Wiley and Sons Inc. https://doi.org/10.1111/hequ.70069

Pujayanti, K. A., Haerazi, H., & Rahman, A. (2026). The PBL materials integrated with critical thinking skills in improving EFL learners’ reading comprehension and linguistic awareness. English Learning Innovation (Englie), 7(1), 244–257. https://doi.org/10.22219/englie.v7

Purba, F. J., Tarigan, P. S., & Aritonang, A. Y. (2026). Efektivitas Problem-Based Learning Berbasis AI dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis dan Literasi Digital Siswa SMA: Studi Kuasi-Eksperimen. Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Pembelajaran Indonesia (JPPI), 6(1), 239–250. https://doi.org/10.53299/jppi.v6i1.3553

Qawqzeh, Y. (2024). Exploring the Influence of Student Interaction with ChatGPT on Critical Thinking, Problem Solving, and Creativity. International Journal of Information and Education Technology, 14(4), 596–601. https://doi.org/10.18178/ijiet.2024.14.4.2082

Razak, A. A., Ramdan, M. R., Mahjom, N., Zabit, M. N. M., Muhammad, F., Hussin, M. Y. M., & Abdullah, N. L. (2022). Improving Critical Thinking Skills in Teaching through Problem-Based Learning for Students: A Scoping Review. In International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research (Vol. 21, Number 2, pp. 342–362). Society for Research and Knowledge Management. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.21.2.19

Ruiz-Rojas, L. I., Salvador-Ullauri, L., & Acosta-Vargas, P. (2024). Collaborative Working and Critical Thinking: Adoption of Generative Artificial Intelligence Tools in Higher Education. Sustainability (Switzerland) , 16(13). https://doi.org/10.3390/su16135367

Rusandi, M. A., Ahman, Saripah, I., Khairun, D. Y., & Mutmainnah. (2023). No worries with ChatGPT: building bridges between artificial intelligence and education with critical thinking soft skills. Journal of Public Health, 45(3), e602–e603. https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdad049

Saritepeci, M., & Yildiz Durak, H. (2024). Effectiveness of artificial intelligence integration in design based learning on design thinking mindset, creative and reflective thinking skills: An experimental study. Education and Information Technologies, 29(18), 25175–25209. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-024-12829-2

Shen, X., & Teng, M. F. (2024). Three-wave cross-lagged model on the correlations between critical thinking skills, self-directed learning competency and AI-assisted writing. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2024.101524

Sitinjak, C., Ober, J., & Sakiewicz, P. (2025). Unlocking the potential: Transformative applications of generative AI in East Kalimantan’s educational landscape. Cakrawala Pendidikan, 44(3), 600–613. https://doi.org/10.21831/cp.v44i3.70169

Syamsuddin, S., Herwandi, Arniati, F., & Kaharuddin, A. (2025). Artificial intelligence and problem-based learning: Structural equation modeling evaluation of undergraduate critical thinking and academic performance. EduTransform: Multidisciplinary International Journal, 1(2), 25–31. https://etdci.org/journal/EduTransform/index

Vargas-Murillo, A. R., de la Asuncion Pari-Bedoya, I. N. M., & de Jesús Guevara-Soto, F. (2023). Challenges and Opportunities of AI-Assisted Learning: A Systematic Literature Review on the Impact of ChatGPT Usage in Higher Education. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 22(7), 122–135. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.22.7.7

Zadeh, M. M., Isaee, H., & Barjesteh, H. (2025). Artificial Intelligence in Project-Based Learning: A Systematic Review of Its Role in English Language Acquisition and Pedagogical Innovation. Indonesian Journal of Pedagogy and Teacher Education, 3(3), 81–91. https://doi.org/10.58723/ijopate.v3i3.502

Zhao, Y., Yue, Y., Sun, Z., Jiang, Q., & Li, G. (2025). Does Generative Artificial Intelligence Improve Students’ Higher-Order Thinking? A Meta-Analysis Based on 29 Experiments and Quasi-Experiments. In Journal of Intelligence (Vol. 13, Number 12). Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI). https://doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence13120160

Zou, X., Su, P., Li, L., & Fu, P. (2024). AI-generated content tools and students’ critical thinking: Insights from a Chinese university. IFLA Journal, 50(2), 228–241. https://doi.org/10.1177/03400352231214963